2017-18 Zambia cholera outbreak: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox event
{{current||current event|date=January 2018}}
| title                    = <!-- Title to display, if other than page name -->
{{Infobox epidemic
| image                    = File:2008 Zimbabwe Cholera Outbreak Combined.svg
| name = Zambian Cholera Outbreak
| image_size              = 250px
| map1 = Maps of Zambias Districts .jpg
| image_alt                =
| legend1 = <center>Map of Zambia</center>
| caption                  = The spread of cholera in Zimbabwe as of 5 February 2009, using data from several sources.<ref name=daily/><ref name=ifrcrc>{{cite web| last = International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent| authorlink = International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | title = Zimbabwe: Cholera, 3 December 2008| publisher = ReliefWeb| date = 3 December 2008| url = http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/15C6F368A1E26ABAC1257515002A845D/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement| | accessdate = 4 November 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author = World Health Organisation| authorlink = World Health Organisation| | title = Zimbabwe: Areas affected by cholera and anthrax outbreaks (September–November 2008)| publisher = World Health Organisation| date = 12 December 2008| url = http://www.who.int/entity/hac/crises/zmb/appeal/zimbabwe_cholera_advocacy_1dec2008.pdf| accessdate = 4 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = World Health Organisation|  authorlink = World Health Organisation| title =Zimbabwe: Areas affected by cholera outbreaks (September–November 2008), showing showing locations of cholera treatment units, 3 December 2008| work =| publisher =Reuters| date =3 December 2008| url = http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/imagerepository/ZW_map_cholera.pdf| format =| doi =| accessdate = 4 December 2008 }}</ref><ref name=epidemiologicaljan03/>
| map2 =Zambia Lusaka District.png
| native_name              =
| legend2 =
| native_name_lang        =
<center>District Lusaka</center>
| english_name            =
| map3 =
| time                    =
Zambia_-_Lusaka.svg
| duration                =
| legend3 =
| date                    = August 2008 – July 2009
<centre>Lusaka Province</centre>
| venue                    =
| disease = [[Cholera]]
| location                = [[Zimbabwe]]
| bacteria_strain = ''Vibrio cholerae''
| coordinates              = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} -->
| first_case =
| also_known_as            =
| dates = September 28, 2017 – present
| type                    =
| origin = Chipata Compound, [[Lusaka]]
| theme                    =
| deaths = 70
| cause                    = ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''
| confirmed_cases = 3,077
| outcome                  =
| suspected_cases =  
| casualties1              = '''Cases''' 98,592
| total_ili =  
| casualties2              =
| website =
| casualties3              =
| reported deaths          = 4,288
| reported injuries        =
| reported property damage =
| url                      =
| blank_label              = <!-- or |blank_data= -->
| blank1_label            = <!-- or |blank1_data= -->
| blank2_label            = <!-- or |blank2_data= -->
| website                 = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| notes                    =
}}
}}
The '''2017-18 Zambian''' cholera outbreak in an on going epidemic of cholera affecting much of Zambia from October 2017 and become more lively in January. The outbreak began in [[Chipata compound]] and [[Kanyama compound]] of [[Lusaka]] city in October of 2017 then spread to most parts of the country by January of 2018. Cases were have been reported in 3 provinces.
The outbreak peaked in January 2018 with over 91 cases reported. In total, 2091 cases of cholera and 51 deaths have so far been reported, making this the fastest-growing outbreak in the history of the country. The large scale and severity of the outbreak has been attributed to poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare.
==Cause==
The 2017 cholera outbreak was caused by widespread infection with the bacterium
''Vibrio Cholerae'' which is spread through water contaminated with the feces of infected individuals. Cholera had been seen for decade leading up to the 2017 outbreak. One of the major contributing factors to the outbreak was the breakdown of the municipal water supply, sanitation and
waste collection, but the resurgence in cases was due to consumtion of contaminated food, mostly from street vendors and markets.<ref name=CUTG/>
==Outbreak==
The cholera outbreak initially started in
[[Chipata compoud]] of [[Lusaka]]. On 6 October 2017, [[Minister of Health]] [[Chitalu Chilufya]] announced the outbreak in the capital city.
From 28 September through 7 December 2017, 547 cases including 15 deaths were reported, giving a case fatality rate of 1.8%. The initial outbreak period was from 28 September through 20 October. From 21 October through 4 November 2017 there were less than five cases reported each week. However, from 5 November 2017 an increase in the number of cases was observed with a total of 136 cases reported in the week beginning 26 November. As of 7 December, the affected areas include  [[Chipata compound|Chipata]], [[Kanyama]], [[Chawama]], [[Matero]], [[Chilenje]] and [[Chelstone]]. Sixty-two cases are currently receiving treatment in Cholera Treatment Centres in Chipata, Kanyama, Matero and
[[Bauleni]]. One third of the cases are children under five years old and two thirds are persons five years and older.
== Efforts to reduce the cholera outbreak ==
On 29th December 2017 [[President Lungu]]<ref name=CUT>{{cite news|url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/zambia-deploys-army-fight-cholera-outbreak-171230190812235.html |publisher= aljazeera.com |title=Zambia deploys army to fight cholera outbreak |date=30 December 2017|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref> dispatched Zambia's security wings to help fight a cholera outbreak, which had already  killed over 41 people in the capital city, and affected more than 1,500 others since September. In a Facebook post late on Friday, Lungu said "all three wings of the Defence Force" had been deployed "to escalate efforts" to minimise the spread of the disease.<ref name=CUTG>{{cite news|url= https://m.facebook.com/EdgarChagwaLungu/posts/1676327289090156|publisher= Facebook.com |title= Edgar Chagwa Lungu Facebook post|date=29 December 2017|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref>
The first food outlet to be closed was  hungry lion on January 4, 2018 after Vibro Cholera was found in the food samples taken at the three outlets Hungry lion at Levy Mall, Hungry Lion Cairo road and Hungry Lion Kulima Tower.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.lusakatimes.com/2018/01/04/government-shuts-three-hungry-lion-outlets-lusaka/ |publisher= Lusaka Times |title=Government shuts down three Hungry Lion outlets in Lusaka |date=5 January 2018|accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref>
=== Closure of Churches===
The Catholic Church through the ADL Pastoral Coordinator Father Thomas Banda advised Catholics to stay away from funeral houses saying only a priest could go there for prayers.
The Seventh Day Adventist Church announced that it had cancelled all Church gatherings including Sabbath worship at its Lusaka Central Church on the 4th of January through its social medias while other churches in where closed down on the 6th of January.<ref name=O1>{{cite news|url= http://zambianeye.com/church-services-cancelled-due-to-cholera/ |publisher= zambianeye.com |title= Church services cancelled due to cholera |date= January 5, 2018 |accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref>
=== Closure of Schools===
On January 2 the Minster of Health [[Chitalu Chilufya]] requested that all schools cholera has breaken out alredy should not reopen to avoid cross-contamination. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-01/02/c_136867587.htm|publisher= www.xinhuanet.com |title=Schools in cholera-hit areas in Zambian capital to remain closed: official|date=5 January 2018|accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref> Both
government and private schools were expected to reopen on January 15.
On 5th January 2018 the Registrar of UNZA Sitali Wamundila announced the indefinite closure of the institution owing to the cholera outbreak.
In rhis statement Wamundila stated that UNZA would provide transport to all 10 provinces for those without means of getting home.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.lusakatimes.com/2018/01/05/cholera-shuts-unza-food-outlets-shutdown/ |publisher= Lusaka Times |title= Cholera shuts down UNZA, More Food outlets shutdown |date=5 January 2018|accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref>
==Response==
WHO recommends proper and timely case management in Cholera Treatment Centres. Improving access to potable water and sanitation infrastructure, and improved hygiene and food safety practices in affected communities, are the most effective means of controlling cholera. Use of oral cholera vaccine may also be used for outbreak control. Key public health communication messages should be provided.
WHO advises against any restriction to travel to and trade with Zambia based on the information available on the current outbreak.<ref name=CHO>{{cite news|url= http://www.who.int/csr/don/11-december-2017-cholera-zambia/en/ |publisher= who.int|title= Emergencies preparedness, response |date=11 December 2017|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=CHO1>{{cite news|url= https://reliefweb.int/report/zambia/cholera-zambia-disease-outbreak-news-11-december-2017 |publisher= who.int|title= Cholera – Zambia: Disease Outbreak News |date=11 December 2017|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref>
==Also See==
* [[Chipata Compound]]
* [[Cholera in Zambia]]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Districts of Zambia}}
[[Category:2000s medical outbreaks]]
[[Category:2017 in Zambia]]
[[Category:2017 health disasters]]
[[Category:2018 in Zambia]]
[[Category:2018 health disasters]]
[[Category:Cholera outbreaks|2017]]
[[Category:Medical outbreaks in Zambia]]
[[Category:2017 in Lusaka]]
[[Category:2018 in Lusaka]]
[[Category:Medical outbreaks in Lusaka]]
[[Category:2017 disasters in Zambia| Cholera ]]
[[Category:2018 disasters in Zambia| Cholera ]]
[[Category:Cholera pandemics]]
[[Category:National crises]]

Latest revision as of 11:01, 21 January 2018

Zambian Cholera Outbreak
Maps of Zambias Districts .jpg
Map of Zambia
Zambia Lusaka District.png
District Lusaka
Zambia - Lusaka.svg
<centre>Lusaka Province</centre>
DiseaseCholera
Bacteria strainVibrio cholerae
DatesSeptember 28, 2017 – present
OriginChipata Compound, Lusaka
Deaths70
Confirmed cases3,077

The 2017-18 Zambian cholera outbreak in an on going epidemic of cholera affecting much of Zambia from October 2017 and become more lively in January. The outbreak began in Chipata compound and Kanyama compound of Lusaka city in October of 2017 then spread to most parts of the country by January of 2018. Cases were have been reported in 3 provinces.

The outbreak peaked in January 2018 with over 91 cases reported. In total, 2091 cases of cholera and 51 deaths have so far been reported, making this the fastest-growing outbreak in the history of the country. The large scale and severity of the outbreak has been attributed to poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare.

Cause

The 2017 cholera outbreak was caused by widespread infection with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae which is spread through water contaminated with the feces of infected individuals. Cholera had been seen for decade leading up to the 2017 outbreak. One of the major contributing factors to the outbreak was the breakdown of the municipal water supply, sanitation and waste collection, but the resurgence in cases was due to consumtion of contaminated food, mostly from street vendors and markets.[1]

Outbreak

The cholera outbreak initially started in Chipata compoud of Lusaka. On 6 October 2017, Minister of Health Chitalu Chilufya announced the outbreak in the capital city.

From 28 September through 7 December 2017, 547 cases including 15 deaths were reported, giving a case fatality rate of 1.8%. The initial outbreak period was from 28 September through 20 October. From 21 October through 4 November 2017 there were less than five cases reported each week. However, from 5 November 2017 an increase in the number of cases was observed with a total of 136 cases reported in the week beginning 26 November. As of 7 December, the affected areas include Chipata, Kanyama, Chawama, Matero, Chilenje and Chelstone. Sixty-two cases are currently receiving treatment in Cholera Treatment Centres in Chipata, Kanyama, Matero and Bauleni. One third of the cases are children under five years old and two thirds are persons five years and older.

Efforts to reduce the cholera outbreak

On 29th December 2017 President Lungu[2] dispatched Zambia's security wings to help fight a cholera outbreak, which had already killed over 41 people in the capital city, and affected more than 1,500 others since September. In a Facebook post late on Friday, Lungu said "all three wings of the Defence Force" had been deployed "to escalate efforts" to minimise the spread of the disease.[1]


The first food outlet to be closed was hungry lion on January 4, 2018 after Vibro Cholera was found in the food samples taken at the three outlets Hungry lion at Levy Mall, Hungry Lion Cairo road and Hungry Lion Kulima Tower.[3]

Closure of Churches

The Catholic Church through the ADL Pastoral Coordinator Father Thomas Banda advised Catholics to stay away from funeral houses saying only a priest could go there for prayers.

The Seventh Day Adventist Church announced that it had cancelled all Church gatherings including Sabbath worship at its Lusaka Central Church on the 4th of January through its social medias while other churches in where closed down on the 6th of January.[4]

Closure of Schools

On January 2 the Minster of Health Chitalu Chilufya requested that all schools cholera has breaken out alredy should not reopen to avoid cross-contamination. [5] Both government and private schools were expected to reopen on January 15.

On 5th January 2018 the Registrar of UNZA Sitali Wamundila announced the indefinite closure of the institution owing to the cholera outbreak. In rhis statement Wamundila stated that UNZA would provide transport to all 10 provinces for those without means of getting home.[6]

Response

WHO recommends proper and timely case management in Cholera Treatment Centres. Improving access to potable water and sanitation infrastructure, and improved hygiene and food safety practices in affected communities, are the most effective means of controlling cholera. Use of oral cholera vaccine may also be used for outbreak control. Key public health communication messages should be provided. WHO advises against any restriction to travel to and trade with Zambia based on the information available on the current outbreak.[7][8]

Also See

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  2. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  3. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  4. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  5. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  6. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  7. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  8. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).


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