Henry Tayali: Difference between revisions

From Chalo Chatu, Zambia online encyclopedia
(Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox artist | bgcolour = #6495ED | name = Henry Tayali | image = Henry Tayali.JPG | imagesize = | caption = Henry Tayali, early eigh...")
 
No edit summary
 
(7 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| bgcolour = #6495ED
Line 8: Line 8:
| birth_name = Henry Nkole Tayali
| birth_name = Henry Nkole Tayali
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1943|11|22|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1943|11|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place =   [[Serenje]], [[Northern Rhodesia]]
| birth_place = [[Serenje]], [[Northern Rhodesia]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1987|7|22|1943|11|22|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1987|7|22|1943|11|22|df=yes}}
| death_place =   [[Aachen]], Germany
| death_place = Aachen, Germany
| nationality = Zambian
| nationality = Zambian
| field = Painter, [[Printmaker]], Sculptor, [[Raconteur]], [[Lecturer]]
| field = Painter, Printmaker, Sculptor, Raconteur, Lecturer  
| training = B.A. (Fine Art), [[Makerere University]], Uganda; [[Master of Arts|M.A.]], [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]], Germany
| training = B.A. (Fine Art), Makerere University, Uganda; Master of Arts, Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, Germany
| works = ''The Graduate'', ''The Bull'', ''Destiny'', ''Mother Afrika''
| works = ''The Graduate'', ''The Bull'', ''Destiny'', ''Mother Afrika''
| influenced = Fine art direction in Zambia and Africa, and international awareness of sub-Saharan African art  
| influenced = Fine art direction in Zambia and Africa, and international awareness of sub-Saharan African art  
Line 19: Line 19:
}}
}}


'''Henry Nkole Tayali''' (22 November 1943 – 22 July 1987)  was a multi-lingual Zambian [[Fine arts|fine artist]], sculptor, printmaker, raconteur and lecturer.<ref name="turner">{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Jane D|title=The Dictionary of Art|publisher=Grove|year=1996|pages=602|isbn= 1-884446-00-0|url=http://books.google.com/?id=d7cYAAAAIAAJ&q=Tayali&dq=Tayali|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> He has been described as Zambia's most famous painter,<ref name="taylor">{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Scott D|title=Culture and Customs of Zambia|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|pages=60|isbn=978-0-313-33246-3|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Q39lhjRIj2kC|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> and most revered and pre-eminent artist.<ref name="htayali b"/>
'''Henry Nkole Tayali''' (22 November 1943 – 22 July 1987)  was a multi-lingual [[Zambia]]n fine artist, sculptor, printmaker, raconteur and lecturer.<ref name="turner">{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Jane D|title=The Dictionary of Art|publisher=Grove|year=1996|pages=602|isbn= 1-884446-00-0|url=http://books.google.com/?id=d7cYAAAAIAAJ&q=Tayali&dq=Tayali|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> He has been described as Zambia's most famous painter,<ref name="taylor">{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Scott D|title=Culture and Customs of Zambia|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|pages=60|isbn=978-0-313-33246-3|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Q39lhjRIj2kC|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> and most revered and pre-eminent artist.<ref name="htayali b"/>


==Biography==
==Biography==


===Early life===
===Early life===
Tayali was born on 22 November 1943 to Edward Nkole Tayali (1914–1995) and Esnati Mumba Tayali (née Chola, 1923–1963) in [[Serenje]] in the British Colony of [[Northern Rhodesia]] (later to become Zambia), a town near the site of the Nsalu 12,000-year-old rock and cave paintings.<ref name="Nsalu Cave">{{cite web|url=http://www.ezambia.com/component/content/article/47-national-monuments-/130-nsalu-cave|title=Nsalu Cave|accessdate=2011-11-11}}</ref> His father, the first born of five children, had won a scholarship to study at a South African University, but never took it up because his own mother died suddenly, and he chose to stay and look after his younger siblings. In order to support them, Tayali's father emigrated from Northern Rhodesia to work in [[Bulawayo]] in [[Southern Rhodesia]], ending up in the Department of Housing and Amenities.<ref>Note 1: "Tayali" is a corruption of the [[Swahili (language)|Swahili]] word "''tayari''", meaning ready or prepared and was the name given to, and first used by, Tayali's grandfather Museba, a soldier or [[Askari]] commanding a platoon of African troops in the [[King's African Rifles]] of the [[Nyasaland|1st Nyasaland]] Battalion. These were a part of the [[British Empire]]'s Army which fought in the [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]] in World War I against the [[German Army (German Empire)|German Army]]'s troops (German and local) in the [[German East Africa]]n Colony of [[Tanganyika]] (which became Tanzania). Because he was a fearless leader, and was always ready to do battle, his men christened him "Tayari", literally meaning "Ever Ready". He took this as his family name and on his return to Northern Rhodesia, Tayari evolved into Tayali. Thus he was known as Museba Tayali. Almost everyone with the surname Tayali is descended from him.</ref>
Tayali was born on 22 November 1943 to Edward Nkole Tayali (1914–1995) and Esnati Mumba Tayali (née Chola, 1923–1963) in [[Serenje]] in the British Colony of [[Northern Rhodesia]] (later to become Zambia), a town near the site of the [[Nsalu rock and cave paintings|Nsalu 12,000-year-old rock and cave paintings]].<ref name="Nsalu Cave">{{cite web|url=http://www.ezambia.com/component/content/article/47-national-monuments-/130-nsalu-cave|title=Nsalu Cave|accessdate=2011-11-11}}</ref> His father, the first born of five children, had won a scholarship to study at a South African University, but never took it up because his own mother died suddenly, and he chose to stay and look after his younger siblings. In order to support them, Tayali's father emigrated from Northern Rhodesia to work in Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia, ending up in the Department of Housing and Amenities.<ref>Note 1: "Tayali" is a corruption of the Swahili word "''tayari''", meaning ready or prepared and was the name given to, and first used by, Tayali's grandfather Museba, a soldier or Askari commanding a platoon of African troops in the King's African Rifles of the 1st Nyasaland Battalion. These were a part of the British Empire's Army which fought in the East African Campaign in World War I against the German Army's troops (German and local) in the German East African Colony of Tanganyika (which became Tanzania). Because he was a fearless leader, and was always ready to do battle, his men christened him "Tayari", literally meaning "Ever Ready". He took this as his family name and on his return to Northern Rhodesia, Tayari evolved into Tayali. Thus he was known as Museba Tayali. Almost everyone with the surname Tayali is descended from him.</ref>


Henry Tayali was the oldest of seven brothers and sisters<ref>Note 2: The other six siblings, in birth order, were: Bright Mwengwe Tayali (Goromonzi High School, [[Goromonzi District]], Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe; studied [[Veterinary Medicine]], [[Kiev]], Ukraine, [[Soviet Union]]); Wiseman Museba Katwishi Tayali ([[Mzilikazi]] High School, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; studied [[Mechanical Engineering]] - BSc, Beijing, China); Fayness Mumba Tayali ([[Mzilikazi High School]], Bulawayo); Mabel Nkuswa Tayali ([[Kansenshi Secondary School]], Ndola); Daniel Makalu Tayali; and member of [[Mensa International]] and patent holder Dr Nkole Enock Tayali ([[Kansenshi Secondary School]], [[Ndola]] - Head Boy, Ndola City [[Jaycee]]s Junior Mayor, and winner, national JETS (Junior Engineers Technicians and Scientists) competition); studied [[Mechanical Engineering]] and Energy Studies - BSc and PhD, [[Cardiff]] School of Engineering, University of [[Wales]]; and [[MBA]], [[University of Warwick]]) who is also a published author, and writes under the name Adrian Ashe.</ref><ref name="aashe">{{cite book|last=Ashe|first=Adrian|title=London Lyrics|publisher=Authorhouse|date=October 2008|isbn=978-1-4343-9973-1|url=http://www.authorhouse.co.uk/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://london-lyrics.webs.com/|title= London Lyrics|accessdate=14 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="etayali">{{cite news|title=Mayoral Coronation Date|date=18 July 1976|work=Sunday Times of Zambia|pages=1}}</ref><ref name="etayali a">{{cite news|title=Student Invents Calendar System|date=24 September 1982|work=Mining Mirror (Zambia's Mining Industry Newspaper No.183)|pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.epo.org/publication-server/pdf-document?cc=EP&pn=0668479&ki=B1|title=European Patent Specification EP0668479B1|accessdate=2 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6431262.html|title=United States Patent 6431262|accessdate=2 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="aashe b">{{cite news|title=And now for something completely different|date=14 August 2009|work=Croydon Advertiser go! Magazine|pages=4}}</ref><ref name="aashe c">{{cite news|title=The Engineer with Designs on Writing|date=15 September 2010|last=Brown|first=Sonia|work=The Voice|issue=1439A|pages=31}}</ref> The siblings grew up in an atmosphere full of written and oral literature, drawing inspiration from local folk stories, and of European tales of adventure and exploration. Their father Edward was also an accomplished teller of traditional stories and African idioms and quotations, and had an easy wit. As a result, Tayali was an extremely well read and politically aware artist who, by the time he was eighteen, had read his fair share of the great literary novels of the West from authors such as [[Alexandre Dumas, père]], [[James Fenimore Cooper]], [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] and [[Mark Twain]] amongst others. Some of this influence can be seen in his early watercolour paintings.
Henry Tayali was the oldest of seven brothers and sisters<ref>Note 2: The other six siblings, in birth order, were: Bright Mwengwe Tayali (Goromonzi High School, Goromonzi District, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe; studied Veterinary Medicine, Kiev, Ukraine, Soviet Union); Wiseman Museba Katwishi Tayali (Mzilikazi High School, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; studied Mechanical Engineering - BSc, Beijing, China); Fayness Mumba Tayali (Mzilikazi High School, Bulawayo); Mabel Nkuswa Tayali ([[Kansenshi Secondary School]], [[Ndola]]); Daniel Makalu Tayali; and member of Mensa International and patent holder Dr Nkole Enock Tayali ([[Kansenshi Secondary School]], [[Ndola]] - Head Boy, Ndola City Jaycees Junior Mayor, and winner, national JETS ([[Junior Engineers Technicians and Scientists]]) competition); studied Mechanical Engineering and Energy Studies - BSc and PhD, Cardiff School of Engineering, University of Wales; and MBA, University of Warwick) who is also a published author, and writes under the name Adrian Ashe.</ref><ref name="aashe">{{cite book|last=Ashe|first=Adrian|title=London Lyrics|publisher=Authorhouse|date=October 2008|isbn=978-1-4343-9973-1|url=http://www.authorhouse.co.uk/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://london-lyrics.webs.com/|title= London Lyrics|accessdate=14 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="etayali">{{cite news|title=Mayoral Coronation Date|date=18 July 1976|work=Sunday Times of Zambia|pages=1}}</ref><ref name="etayali a">{{cite news|title=Student Invents Calendar System|date=24 September 1982|work=Mining Mirror (Zambia's Mining Industry Newspaper No.183)|pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.epo.org/publication-server/pdf-document?cc=EP&pn=0668479&ki=B1|title=European Patent Specification EP0668479B1|accessdate=2 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6431262.html|title=United States Patent 6431262|accessdate=2 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="aashe b">{{cite news|title=And now for something completely different|date=14 August 2009|work=Croydon Advertiser go! Magazine|pages=4}}</ref><ref name="aashe c">{{cite news|title=The Engineer with Designs on Writing|date=15 September 2010|last=Brown|first=Sonia|work=The Voice|issue=1439A|pages=31}}</ref> The siblings grew up in an atmosphere full of written and oral literature, drawing inspiration from local folk stories, and of European tales of adventure and exploration. Their father Edward was also an accomplished teller of traditional stories and African idioms and quotations, and had an easy wit. As a result, Tayali was an extremely well read and politically aware artist who, by the time he was eighteen, had read his fair share of the great literary novels of the West from authors such as Alexandre Dumas, père, James Fenimore Cooper, Robert Louis Stevenson and Mark Twain amongst others. Some of this influence can be seen in his early watercolour paintings.


===Education===
===Education===
[[File:Henry Tayali, Makere University, Uganda, late 60s.JPG|thumb|left|Henry Tayali at [[Makerere University]], [[Kampala, Uganda]]]]
[[File:Henry Tayali, Makere University, Uganda, late 60s.JPG|thumb|left|Henry Tayali at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda]]


Tayali first started painting while at school in Bulawayo in the late 1950s. He attended secondary school in Bulawayo at [[List of schools in Zimbabwe|Mpopoma High School]] and during this time produced the work ''Destiny''.<ref name="destiny"/> The proceeds from the sale of his paintings were held in the Henry Tayali Painting Fund, administered by Trustees who included Eric Gargett and E. H. Ashton. The money in the Fund would be released when Henry was accepted at University.
Tayali first started painting while at school in Bulawayo in the late 1950s. He attended secondary school in Bulawayo at Mpopoma High School and during this time produced the work ''Destiny''.<ref name="destiny"/> The proceeds from the sale of his paintings were held in the Henry Tayali Painting Fund, administered by Trustees who included Eric Gargett and E. H. Ashton. The money in the Fund would be released when Henry was accepted at University.


In early 1967, before his Cambridge 'O' Level Certificate results came out, Tayali left Rhodesia (the Southern was dropped when Zambia gained independence in 1964) for Zambia, and applied for a bursary from the Zambian Government - expressing an interest in Architecture with Art. With help from his father (who went to school at Lubwa Mission in [[Chinsali]] in Northern Rhodesia with the likes of [[Kenneth Kaunda]] (President of Zambia 1964–1991), [[Simon Kapwepwe]] (Vice President 1967–1970), and Wesley Nyirenda and others, and who lobbied the Ministry of Education at Ridgeway in Lusaka on his behalf), he was awarded a Zambian Government scholarship to study at Uganda's [[Makerere University]] in Kampala, where he graduated<ref name="Kampala Arts Trust">{{cite journal|url=http://startjournal.org/2011/07/contemplating-the-early-years-exhibition-moving-past-propaganda-a-critical-review/|last=Kakande|first=Angelo|date=July 2011|title=Contemplating the Early Years Exhibition, Moving Past Propaganda: A Critical Review|journal=START Journal of Arts and Crafts, Kampala, Unganda|accessdate=2011-11-11}}</ref> in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Shortly after [[Idi Amin]] seized power in Uganda, Tayali returned to Zambia and then started work at the [[University of Zambia]] where he joined the Institute of African Studies in [[Lusaka]] as a lecturer in [[African art]] and later as University Artist.<ref name="mpapa">{{cite news|title=Tayali's art goes on show at Mpapa|last=Chibesa|first=David|date=8 October 1988|work=[[Times of Zambia]]|pages=4}}</ref> In 1972, Tayali got a German Academic Exchange Service ([[German Academic Exchange Service|DAAD]]) scholarship to study for a [[Master of Arts|Masters in Fine Arts]] at the Staatliche [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]], [[West Germany]], breaking new ground along the way - he was the first African artist south of the equator to be awarded an Arts scholarship by the DAAD.<ref name="htayali">{{cite news|title=Contact With Others Teaches Us Much by Henry Tayali|last=Tayali|first=Henry|date=30 March 1977|work=The Daily Mail (Zambia), Supplement|pages=5}}</ref>
In early 1967, before his Cambridge 'O' Level Certificate results came out, Tayali left Rhodesia (the Southern was dropped when Zambia gained independence in 1964) for Zambia, and applied for a bursary from the Zambian Government - expressing an interest in Architecture with Art. With help from his father (who went to school at [[Lubwa Mission]] in [[Chinsali]] in Northern Rhodesia with the likes of [[Kenneth Kaunda]] (President of Zambia 1964–1991), [[Simon Kapwepwe]] (Vice President 1967–1970), and Wesley Nyirenda and others, and who lobbied the Ministry of Education at Ridgeway in Lusaka on his behalf), he was awarded a Zambian Government scholarship to study at Uganda's Makerere University in Kampala, where he graduated<ref name="Kampala Arts Trust">{{cite journal|url=http://startjournal.org/2011/07/contemplating-the-early-years-exhibition-moving-past-propaganda-a-critical-review/|last=Kakande|first=Angelo|date=July 2011|title=Contemplating the Early Years Exhibition, Moving Past Propaganda: A Critical Review|journal=START Journal of Arts and Crafts, Kampala, Unganda|accessdate=2011-11-11}}</ref> in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Shortly after Idi Amin seized power in Uganda, Tayali returned to Zambia and then started work at the [[University of Zambia]] where he joined the Institute of African Studies in [[Lusaka]] as a lecturer in African art and later as University Artist.<ref name="mpapa">{{cite news|title=Tayali's art goes on show at Mpapa|last=Chibesa|first=David|date=8 October 1988|work=[[Times of Zambia]]|pages=4}}</ref> In 1972, Tayali got a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) scholarship to study for a Masters in Fine Arts at the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, West Germany, breaking new ground along the way - he was the first African artist south of the equator to be awarded an Arts scholarship by the DAAD.<ref name="htayali">{{cite news|title=Contact With Others Teaches Us Much by Henry Tayali|last=Tayali|first=Henry|date=30 March 1977|work=The Daily Mail (Zambia), Supplement|pages=5}}</ref>


His professor, Gerd Weber, said of him, "Of all the foreign students who have worked in my class, Henry Tayali is by far the most talented of them all. His work constitutes a synthesis between the traditional African art, the tools and techniques of the modern era."{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}.
His professor, Gerd Weber, said of him, "Of all the foreign students who have worked in my class, Henry Tayali is by far the most talented of them all. His work constitutes a synthesis between the traditional African art, the tools and techniques of the modern era."{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}.
Line 39: Line 39:
After graduating in 1975, and fluent in German (in addition to English, Bemba, Ndebele, and Ngoni), he returned to Lusaka to the Institute of African Studies.
After graduating in 1975, and fluent in German (in addition to English, Bemba, Ndebele, and Ngoni), he returned to Lusaka to the Institute of African Studies.


In early 1978, Tayali returned to West Germany to embark on a [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree at the Akademie für Bildende Künste, but unfortunately, the arrangements did not work out and he returned to Zambia bitterly disappointed.
In early 1978, Tayali returned to West Germany to embark on a Doctor of Fine Arts degree at the Akademie für Bildende Künste, but unfortunately, the arrangements did not work out and he returned to Zambia bitterly disappointed.


===Marriage and Family===
===Marriage and Family===
In 1971, he married Regina Mary Birungi Kivubiro while still in Uganda, and just before returning to Zambia and they had a son in 1972, Rhodrick Tayali. Regina died in 1976. Tayali had a daughter in 1980, Katwishi Alanda Tayali, followed in 1983 by a son, Chaswe Angio Tayali, with Rosemary Kaluwa, whom he later married. Tayali's son Rhodrick is an object and interior designer - Diploma-Designer (FH) - by training and a graduate of the [[Fachhochschule Aachen]], and is also an accomplished artist in his own right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tayali.de|title=TAYALI|publisher=Rhodrick Tayali|language=German|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.derwesten.de/nachrichten/staedte/altena/2008/3/17/news-31342410/detail.html|title=Tayali erlebt zweiten Frühling in Altena|language=German|last=Hornemann|first=Ina|date=17 March 2008|work=DerWesten|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> He started painting when in his early twenties, and has been regularly holding exhibitions in Germany since the late nineties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://galerie-amrhein.de/kuenstler_rhodricktayali.htm|title=KÜNSTLER|language=German|last=Tayali|first=Rhodrick|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> He is based in [[Cologne]] in Germany. Tayali's daughter, Katwishi, lives in Lusaka and has also taken up art.
In 1971, he married Regina Mary Birungi Kivubiro while still in Uganda, and just before returning to Zambia and they had a son in 1972, Rhodrick Tayali. Regina died in 1976. Tayali had a daughter in 1980, Katwishi Alanda Tayali, followed in 1983 by a son, Chaswe Angio Tayali, with Rosemary Kaluwa, whom he later married. Tayali's son Rhodrick is an object and interior designer - Diploma-Designer (FH) - by training and a graduate of the Fachhochschule Aachen, and is also an accomplished artist in his own right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tayali.de|title=TAYALI|publisher=Rhodrick Tayali|language=German|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.derwesten.de/nachrichten/staedte/altena/2008/3/17/news-31342410/detail.html|title=Tayali erlebt zweiten Frühling in Altena|language=German|last=Hornemann|first=Ina|date=17 March 2008|work=DerWesten|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> He started painting when in his early twenties, and has been regularly holding exhibitions in Germany since the late nineties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://galerie-amrhein.de/kuenstler_rhodricktayali.htm|title=KÜNSTLER|language=German|last=Tayali|first=Rhodrick|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> He is based in Cologne in Germany. Tayali's daughter, Katwishi, lives in Lusaka and has also taken up art.


Tayali died on 22 July 1987 while visiting his eldest son and family friends the Moiks / Moik-Becker in [[Aachen]], West Germany, after attending his youngest brother's wedding in [[Southampton]], England. He was buried at Leopards Hill Cemetery in Lusaka.
Tayali died on 22 July 1987 while visiting his eldest son and family friends the Moiks / Moik-Becker in Aachen, West Germany, after attending his youngest brother's wedding in Southampton, England. He was buried at [[Leopards Hill Cemetery]] in [[Lusaka]].


===Career===
===Career===
[[File:Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972 (Photo of the Times of Zambia page).jpg|thumb|right|Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972]]
[[File:Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972 (Photo of the Times of Zambia page).jpg|thumb|right|Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972]]


Tayali was very interested in art from birth. When the family was in Bulawayo, Tayali's natural talent was spotted early on by Alex Lambeth, who ran the African Affairs Department of Bulawayo City Council. Lambeth encouraged Tayali to pursue art as a career, and enrolled him on an artwork course. This led to Henry's first exhibition in Bulawayo at the age of fifteen.<ref name="htayali b"/><ref name="VAC">{{cite web|url=http://www.sadcbiz.com/countries/zambia/categories/arts/adverts/national_visual_arts/index.html|title=Henry Tayali|publisher=Zambia National Visual Arts Council|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> His painting career took off after that, and using water colours, Tayali begun to produce varied, vibrant, dynamic works such as ''Sunset Road'' and ''Destiny''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Echoes of Suffering - Zambia's Henry Tayali: An Artist of International Stature|date=March 1993|work=Ndeke - Zambia Airways In-flight Magazine|issue=37|pages=28–32}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Henry Tayali|year=1988|work=African Sunrise|pages=43–47}}</ref> He also produced sculptures - amongst them ''The Graduate''<ref>{{cite news|title=The Graduate|page=4|date=3 April 1979|work=Times of Zambia}}</ref> at the University of Zambia campus in Lusaka, as well as [[Screen-printing|silk-screens]] and [[woodcut]]s, a few of these were printed as greeting cards and sold through newsagents and book stores. Tayali held exhibitions in Lusaka, Bulawayo, Aachen, [[Düsseldorf]], London ([[Commonwealth Institute]], 1983), Alberta, and Toronto as well as in Zambia, where a few of his exhibitions were opened by [[Kenneth Kaunda]], the first [[President of Zambia]].<ref name="tembo">{{cite news|title=Art Has a bright Future - If Taken Seriously|last=Tembo|first=Franklin|date=9 July 1978|work=Times of Zambia}}</ref> He was associated with artists, authors and politicians, including Simon and Cynthia Zukas,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sdjewishjournal.com/site/1283/travel-the-jews-of-zambia/|last=Leib|first=Sharon Rosen|title=Travel – The Jews of Zambia|publisher=San Diego Jewish|date=October 2010|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> Andrew Sardanis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times.co.zm/news/viewnews.cgi?category=8&id=1140635741|title=Chaminuka: Place on the Hill|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> (whose property at Chaminuka houses an impressive collection of Tayali's paintings and sculptures amongst others, and is well worth a visit) and American Professor [[Melvin Edwards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/melvin-edwards/|title=Melvin Edwards Biography|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> at home and abroad, many of them becoming lifelong friends. There were also joint exhibitions and support, such as that provided by the Alliance Francaise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times.co.zm/news/viewnews.cgi?category=7&id=1084930426|title=Kala refugees want training opportunities|last=Kachingwe|first=Kelvin|work=[[Times of Zambia]]|accessdate=12 June 2009}}</ref>
Tayali was very interested in art from birth. When the family was in Bulawayo, Tayali's natural talent was spotted early on by Alex Lambeth, who ran the African Affairs Department of Bulawayo City Council. Lambeth encouraged Tayali to pursue art as a career, and enrolled him on an artwork course. This led to Henry's first exhibition in Bulawayo at the age of fifteen.<ref name="htayali b"/><ref name="VAC">{{cite web|url=http://www.sadcbiz.com/countries/zambia/categories/arts/adverts/national_visual_arts/index.html|title=Henry Tayali|publisher=Zambia National Visual Arts Council|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> His painting career took off after that, and using water colours, Tayali begun to produce varied, vibrant, dynamic works such as ''Sunset Road'' and ''Destiny''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Echoes of Suffering - Zambia's Henry Tayali: An Artist of International Stature|date=March 1993|work=Ndeke - Zambia Airways In-flight Magazine|issue=37|pages=28–32}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Henry Tayali|year=1988|work=African Sunrise|pages=43–47}}</ref> He also produced sculptures - amongst them ''The Graduate''<ref>{{cite news|title=The Graduate|page=4|date=3 April 1979|work=Times of Zambia}}</ref> at the University of Zambia campus in Lusaka, as well as Screen-printing|silk-screens and woodcuts, a few of these were printed as greeting cards and sold through newsagents and book stores. Tayali held exhibitions in Lusaka, Bulawayo, Aachen, Düsseldorf, London (Commonwealth Institute, 1983), Alberta, and Toronto as well as in Zambia, where a few of his exhibitions were opened by [[Kenneth Kaunda]], the first President of Zambia.<ref name="tembo">{{cite news|title=Art Has a bright Future - If Taken Seriously|last=Tembo|first=Franklin|date=9 July 1978|work=Times of Zambia}}</ref> He was associated with artists, authors and politicians, including Simon and Cynthia Zukas,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sdjewishjournal.com/site/1283/travel-the-jews-of-zambia/|last=Leib|first=Sharon Rosen|title=Travel – The Jews of Zambia|publisher=San Diego Jewish|date=October 2010|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> Andrew Sardanis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times.co.zm/news/viewnews.cgi?category=8&id=1140635741|title=Chaminuka: Place on the Hill|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> (whose property at Chaminuka houses an impressive collection of Tayali's paintings and sculptures amongst others, and is well worth a visit) and American Professor Melvin Edwards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/melvin-edwards/|title=Melvin Edwards Biography|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> at home and abroad, many of them becoming lifelong friends. There were also joint exhibitions and support, such as that provided by the Alliance Francaise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times.co.zm/news/viewnews.cgi?category=7&id=1084930426|title=Kala refugees want training opportunities|last=Kachingwe|first=Kelvin|work=[[Times of Zambia]]|accessdate=12 June 2009}}</ref>


[[File:Henry Tayali and Lungu, 1976, Roma suburb, Lusaka, Zambia.JPG|thumb|Henry Tayali, with Lungu, [[Lusaka]], 1976]]
[[File:Henry Tayali and Lungu, 1976, Roma suburb, Lusaka, Zambia.JPG|thumb|Henry Tayali, with Lungu, [[Lusaka]], 1976]]
Line 55: Line 55:
His works still continue to be exhibited in Zambia and across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easycalls.us/article/5279-lusaka_national_museum_ja.html|title=Lusaka National Museum|date=27 January 2005 to 2005-03-17|accessdate=12 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London">{{cite web|url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/gallery/transitions/|year=2005|work=The Brunei Gallery|title=Transitions|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Linger in Bulawayo for an urban African adventure">{{cite web|url=http://www.gadventures.com/travel-news/family-adventure-travel/linger-in-bulawayo-for-an-urban-african-adventure-800614502/|title=Adventure Travel News|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref> Perhaps appropriately too at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe.<ref name="Collection at a Glance">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.co.zw/index.php/our-collections/permanet-collection/|title=Permanent Collection|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref> Numerous examples of Tayali's works are held in private collections across the globe /ref>.<ref name="BBC Your Paintings">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/artists/tayali-henry-19431987|title=BBC - Your Paintings - Henry Tayali|accessdate=2014-10-08}}</ref>
His works still continue to be exhibited in Zambia and across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easycalls.us/article/5279-lusaka_national_museum_ja.html|title=Lusaka National Museum|date=27 January 2005 to 2005-03-17|accessdate=12 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London">{{cite web|url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/gallery/transitions/|year=2005|work=The Brunei Gallery|title=Transitions|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Linger in Bulawayo for an urban African adventure">{{cite web|url=http://www.gadventures.com/travel-news/family-adventure-travel/linger-in-bulawayo-for-an-urban-african-adventure-800614502/|title=Adventure Travel News|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref> Perhaps appropriately too at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe.<ref name="Collection at a Glance">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.co.zw/index.php/our-collections/permanet-collection/|title=Permanent Collection|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref> Numerous examples of Tayali's works are held in private collections across the globe /ref>.<ref name="BBC Your Paintings">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/artists/tayali-henry-19431987|title=BBC - Your Paintings - Henry Tayali|accessdate=2014-10-08}}</ref>


Tayali was also a keen photographer, having studied photography for his Masters, and always carried his trusted [[Leica camera|Leica SLR camera]] with him wherever he went. On his projects for the University, he produced a huge catalogue of photographs (often developing the prints himself, and having photographic slides made) of artefacts and people - something he worked hard for as a record for posterity.<ref name="tayali">{{cite book|last=Tayali|first=Henry|author2=Joe Kivubiro|title=Images of Southern Africa: An Exhibition of Graphics|publisher=Flinders University of South Australia|year=1987|isbn=978-0-7258-0360-5}}</ref> Some of the photographs he took on his field trips around Zambia were turned into postcards.
Tayali was also a keen photographer, having studied photography for his Masters, and always carried his trusted Leica SLR camera with him wherever he went. On his projects for the University, he produced a huge catalogue of photographs (often developing the prints himself, and having photographic slides made) of artefacts and people - something he worked hard for as a record for posterity.<ref name="tayali">{{cite book|last=Tayali|first=Henry|author2=Joe Kivubiro|title=Images of Southern Africa: An Exhibition of Graphics|publisher=Flinders University of South Australia|year=1987|isbn=978-0-7258-0360-5}}</ref> Some of the photographs he took on his field trips around Zambia were turned into postcards.


Other work included efforts to establish a School of Fine Arts in Zambia and numerous field trips within Zambia to record and preserve the arts and cultures of the various tribes for posterity - including audio recordings. He was involved in organising the attendance - and was part - of the Zambian delegation at the groundbreaking [[World Festival of Black Arts|Second African Festival of Arts and Culture]] in [[Lagos]], Nigeria, 1977 (FESTAC'77).<ref name="FESTAC77">{{cite web|url=http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Festac_77|title=FESTAC'77|accessdate=2011-11-11}}</ref>
Other work included efforts to establish a School of Fine Arts in Zambia and numerous field trips within Zambia to record and preserve the arts and cultures of the various tribes for posterity - including audio recordings. He was involved in organising the attendance - and was part - of the Zambian delegation at the groundbreaking Second African Festival of Arts and Culture in Lagos, Nigeria, 1977 (FESTAC'77).<ref name="FESTAC77">{{cite web|url=http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Festac_77|title=FESTAC'77|accessdate=2011-11-11}}</ref>


In addition to lecturing at the University of Zambia, Tayali also lectured at the Evelyn Hone College near the city centre in Lusaka.
In addition to lecturing at the University of Zambia, Tayali also lectured at the Evelyn Hone College near the city centre in Lusaka.
Line 66: Line 66:
[[File:Tayali (with his brother Bright Tayali) and Early Metalwork Sculptures - Roma,Lusaka 1976..JPG|thumb|Henry Tayali and his brother Bright Tayali and early metalwork sculptures, Roma, Lusaka, 1976]]
[[File:Tayali (with his brother Bright Tayali) and Early Metalwork Sculptures - Roma,Lusaka 1976..JPG|thumb|Henry Tayali and his brother Bright Tayali and early metalwork sculptures, Roma, Lusaka, 1976]]


As a young man, Tayali had started his painting using water colours, producing works of great detail, vividness and vibrancy - his depiction of human figures similar in style to the Italian Renaissance painter [[Michelangelo]] (e.g. his watercolours held at the US [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archive]]: see External Links below) - before progressing to oil paintings. His paintings evolved from the fine art style of the late 1950s/1960s/early 1970s, to semi-abstract, through to [[abstract art|abstract]], and then edging to [[minimalism]] at the time of his death. His paintings were distinctive, blending African and Western styles, reflecting the influences on his life.
As a young man, Tayali had started his painting using water colours, producing works of great detail, vividness and vibrancy - his depiction of human figures similar in style to the Italian Renaissance painter Michelangelo (e.g. his watercolours held at the US [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archive]]: see External Links below) - before progressing to oil paintings. His paintings evolved from the fine art style of the late 1950s/1960s/early 1970s, to semi-abstract, through to abstract, and then edging to minimalism at the time of his death. His paintings were distinctive, blending African and Western styles, reflecting the influences on his life.


Tayali's paintings ranged in size from small scale to large wall murals – as in the German Embassy in Lusaka – and very large canvases of more than two metres in length by at least a metre and a half. Often, he would be working simultaneously on four or more paintings at a go, and different prints and sculptures at the same time – all the while with the backdrop of lecturing at the University, or undertaking research in different and remote parts of Zambia (mostly by road), or travelling internationally.
Tayali's paintings ranged in size from small scale to large wall murals – as in the German Embassy in Lusaka – and very large canvases of more than two metres in length by at least a metre and a half. Often, he would be working simultaneously on four or more paintings at a go, and different prints and sculptures at the same time – all the while with the backdrop of lecturing at the University, or undertaking research in different and remote parts of Zambia (mostly by road), or travelling internationally.
Line 73: Line 73:
The work of the Zambian artist, Henry Tayal|journal=Africa Events|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref>
The work of the Zambian artist, Henry Tayal|journal=Africa Events|accessdate=10 November 2011}}</ref>


From a young age, Tayali had always been interested in sculptures and modelling - and he went on to produce sculptures such as [http://www.unza.zm The Graduate] seen here on the banner of the University of Zambia web-page, at the UNZA Great East Road campus. Funded by donations from the Zambia State Lottery, the Anglo-American Corporation and some individuals, it depicts a graduating student in his flowing gown and mortar board hat, the book in his left hand signifying progress through learning in the modern world, and the hoe in the right hand the hard work and progress through agriculture that has underpinned the country in general. He also produced a huge sculpture of a bird (work in concrete) at the Kapiri Mposhi railway station - the terminus end of the mid-seventies Chinese built [[Tazara]] (TAnzania ZAmbia RAilway) railway, whose other end is in [[Dar-es-Salaam]], Tanzania's capital on the Indian Ocean coast. From about 1976, he started working with welded metal sculptures. Initially these were fairly simple as he was new to the medium and its techniques, but by the time of his death they had a majestic complexity to them - probably the most famous example is The Bull, which was mounted on the road to [[Lusaka International Airport]].
From a young age, Tayali had always been interested in sculptures and modelling - and he went on to produce sculptures such as [http://www.unza.zm The Graduate] seen here on the banner of the University of Zambia web-page, at the UNZA Great East Road campus. Funded by donations from the Zambia State Lottery, the Anglo-American Corporation and some individuals, it depicts a graduating student in his flowing gown and mortar board hat, the book in his left hand signifying progress through learning in the modern world, and the hoe in the right hand the hard work and progress through agriculture that has underpinned the country in general. He also produced a huge sculpture of a bird (work in concrete) at the Kapiri Mposhi railway station - the terminus end of the mid-seventies Chinese built [[Tazara]] (TAnzania ZAmbia RAilway) railway, whose other end is in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania's capital on the Indian Ocean coast. From about 1976, he started working with welded metal sculptures. Initially these were fairly simple as he was new to the medium and its techniques, but by the time of his death they had a majestic complexity to them - probably the most famous example is The Bull, which was mounted on the road to [[Lusaka International Airport]].


His painting ''Destiny'', produced while Tayali was still in school, has been described as "an attempt to express the profound thoughts of a serious young man, about the struggles of Mankind now and in the future" and has been exhibited around the world.,<ref name="destiny">{{cite web|url=http://www.lowdown.co.zm/2005/2005-01/tworescues.htm|title=The Tale of Two Rescues!|year=2005|work=The Zambia Lowdown|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> see also <ref name="Z-factor Art Site">{{cite web|url=http://www.zfactorart.com/artists-tayali--kulya-part-1.html|title=HENRY TAYALI AND FACKSON KULYA: Academic and folk art in  Zambia of the seventies and eighties|year=2013|work=Z-factor Art Site|last=Witkamp|first=Bert|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> In 1991, it was purchased by the Lechwe Trust, a charity which supports visual artists in Zambia. Tayali had a close association with the Mpapa Gallery, where his works had often been exhibited.<ref name="mpapa"/><ref name="mpapab">{{cite news|title=Mpapa show brings out ten years of printmaking|last=Mubiana|first=Desmond|date=15 July 1985|work=[[Times of Zambia]]}}</ref>
His painting ''Destiny'', produced while Tayali was still in school, has been described as "an attempt to express the profound thoughts of a serious young man, about the struggles of Mankind now and in the future" and has been exhibited around the world.,<ref name="destiny">{{cite web|url=http://www.lowdown.co.zm/2005/2005-01/tworescues.htm|title=The Tale of Two Rescues!|year=2005|work=The Zambia Lowdown|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref> see also <ref name="Z-factor Art Site">{{cite web|url=http://www.zfactorart.com/artists-tayali--kulya-part-1.html|title=HENRY TAYALI AND FACKSON KULYA: Academic and folk art in  Zambia of the seventies and eighties|year=2013|work=Z-factor Art Site|last=Witkamp|first=Bert|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> In 1991, it was purchased by the Lechwe Trust, a charity which supports visual artists in Zambia. Tayali had a close association with the Mpapa Gallery, where his works had often been exhibited.<ref name="mpapa"/><ref name="mpapab">{{cite news|title=Mpapa show brings out ten years of printmaking|last=Mubiana|first=Desmond|date=15 July 1985|work=[[Times of Zambia]]}}</ref>
Line 79: Line 79:
Speaking of his work in 1979, Tayali said, "My art is concerned with the suffering of the people and I want it to be the echo of that suffering. I see the problems of the continent... I am just recording what I and my people feel, but I do not attempt to provide answers to our problems ".<ref name="barde">{{cite journal|last=Barde|first=Bob|year=1980|title=Henry Tayali: Zambian Printmaker|journal=African Arts|publisher=UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center|volume=13|issue=3|pages=82|accessdate=22 May 2009|doi=10.2307/3335710|jstor=3335710}}</ref>
Speaking of his work in 1979, Tayali said, "My art is concerned with the suffering of the people and I want it to be the echo of that suffering. I see the problems of the continent... I am just recording what I and my people feel, but I do not attempt to provide answers to our problems ".<ref name="barde">{{cite journal|last=Barde|first=Bob|year=1980|title=Henry Tayali: Zambian Printmaker|journal=African Arts|publisher=UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center|volume=13|issue=3|pages=82|accessdate=22 May 2009|doi=10.2307/3335710|jstor=3335710}}</ref>


Writing in 1980, the American academic Bob Barde placed Tayali's woodcut prints on a par with Europe's great printmakers such as [[Käthe Kollwitz]] and [[Théodore Géricault]].<ref name="barde"/> Tayali's woodcut subjects were usually about the common African man (and woman), and the feelings evoked by his daily travails, and the prevailing political landscape of the times. Barde described his prints as "powerful" and said that he "seems destined to play an important role in modern African art."
Writing in 1980, the American academic Bob Barde placed Tayali's woodcut prints on a par with Europe's great printmakers such as Käthe Kollwitz and Théodore Géricault.<ref name="barde"/> Tayali's woodcut subjects were usually about the common African man (and woman), and the feelings evoked by his daily travails, and the prevailing political landscape of the times. Barde described his prints as "powerful" and said that he "seems destined to play an important role in modern African art."


Throughout his life, Henry Tayali was indefatigable, driven to achieve his goals. A teetotaller, he espoused a dedicated work ethic, which he followed, often working - both as a student, and as an adult - very long hours each day in order to complete the tasks he had set himself. This was in spite of the fact that he was plagued by persistent stomach pains in his adult life after accidentally ingesting slivers of broken glass whilst drinking from a [[Coca-Cola]] bottle when he was a teenager.
Throughout his life, Henry Tayali was indefatigable, driven to achieve his goals. A teetotaller, he espoused a dedicated work ethic, which he followed, often working - both as a student, and as an adult - very long hours each day in order to complete the tasks he had set himself. This was in spite of the fact that he was plagued by persistent stomach pains in his adult life after accidentally ingesting slivers of broken glass whilst drinking from a Coca-Cola bottle when he was a teenager.


On a personal side, with his trademark paint-splattered jeans and majestic walk, he also had a terrific sense of humour to counterbalance his serious approach to work,<ref name="Godfrey Setti">{{cite news|url=http://contentpro.seals.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?lang=eng&sp=1002218&sp=T&sp=Pall%2CRk1000163%40%2CQsetti&suite=def|title=An Analysis of the Contribution of Four Painters to the Development of Contemporary Zambian Painting from 1950 to 1997|last=Setti|first=Godfrey|work=Research Essay for Master of Fine Art, Rhodes University South Africa|date=January 2000|accessdate=2014-10-08}}</ref> and this sometimes broke out in - apart from the comments - exaggerated physical attributes on some of his subjects in a few of his works.<ref>{{cite news|title=Henry Tayali|page=38|date=July 1978|work=In Situ}}</ref> The art writer, Jean Kennedy said that Tayali's work, "makes strong statements, frequently leavened with humor, about personal and communal tragedies".<ref name="kennedy">{{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Jean|title=New Currents, Ancient Rivers: Contemporary African Artists in a Generation of Change|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1992|isbn=978-1-56098-037-7|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Smithsonian_GIFS/Ken_text.html}}</ref>
On a personal side, with his trademark paint-splattered jeans and majestic walk, he also had a terrific sense of humour to counterbalance his serious approach to work,<ref name="Godfrey Setti">{{cite news|url=http://contentpro.seals.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?lang=eng&sp=1002218&sp=T&sp=Pall%2CRk1000163%40%2CQsetti&suite=def|title=An Analysis of the Contribution of Four Painters to the Development of Contemporary Zambian Painting from 1950 to 1997|last=Setti|first=Godfrey|work=Research Essay for Master of Fine Art, Rhodes University South Africa|date=January 2000|accessdate=2014-10-08}}</ref> and this sometimes broke out in - apart from the comments - exaggerated physical attributes on some of his subjects in a few of his works.<ref>{{cite news|title=Henry Tayali|page=38|date=July 1978|work=In Situ}}</ref> The art writer, Jean Kennedy said that Tayali's work, "makes strong statements, frequently leavened with humor, about personal and communal tragedies".<ref name="kennedy">{{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Jean|title=New Currents, Ancient Rivers: Contemporary African Artists in a Generation of Change|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1992|isbn=978-1-56098-037-7|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Smithsonian_GIFS/Ken_text.html}}</ref>
Line 113: Line 113:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.archives.gov/research/african-art/select-list-233.html Three watercolours by Henry Tayali] ''Shipwrecked'', ''Sunset Road'', and ''The Omen'', held by the [[Harmon Foundation]], at the US [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archive]]
* [http://www.archives.gov/research/african-art/select-list-233.html Three watercolours by Henry Tayali] ''Shipwrecked'', ''Sunset Road'', and ''The Omen'', held by the [[Harmon Foundation]], at the US [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archive]]


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tayali, Henry}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Zambian painters]]
[[Category:Zambian painters]]
[[Category:Zambian sculptors]]
[[Category:Zambian sculptors]]
[[Category:People of Zambia]]

Latest revision as of 15:13, 2 August 2016

Henry Tayali
Henry Tayali.JPG
Henry Tayali, early eighties
Born
Henry Nkole Tayali

(1943-11-22)22 November 1943
Serenje, Northern Rhodesia
Died22 July 1987(1987-07-22) (aged 43)
Aachen, Germany
NationalityZambian
EducationB.A. (Fine Art), Makerere University, Uganda; Master of Arts, Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, Germany
Known forPainter, Printmaker, Sculptor, Raconteur, Lecturer
Notable work
The Graduate, The Bull, Destiny, Mother Afrika

Henry Nkole Tayali (22 November 1943 – 22 July 1987) was a multi-lingual Zambian fine artist, sculptor, printmaker, raconteur and lecturer.[1] He has been described as Zambia's most famous painter,[2] and most revered and pre-eminent artist.[3]

Biography

Early life

Tayali was born on 22 November 1943 to Edward Nkole Tayali (1914–1995) and Esnati Mumba Tayali (née Chola, 1923–1963) in Serenje in the British Colony of Northern Rhodesia (later to become Zambia), a town near the site of the Nsalu 12,000-year-old rock and cave paintings.[4] His father, the first born of five children, had won a scholarship to study at a South African University, but never took it up because his own mother died suddenly, and he chose to stay and look after his younger siblings. In order to support them, Tayali's father emigrated from Northern Rhodesia to work in Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia, ending up in the Department of Housing and Amenities.[5]

Henry Tayali was the oldest of seven brothers and sisters[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The siblings grew up in an atmosphere full of written and oral literature, drawing inspiration from local folk stories, and of European tales of adventure and exploration. Their father Edward was also an accomplished teller of traditional stories and African idioms and quotations, and had an easy wit. As a result, Tayali was an extremely well read and politically aware artist who, by the time he was eighteen, had read his fair share of the great literary novels of the West from authors such as Alexandre Dumas, père, James Fenimore Cooper, Robert Louis Stevenson and Mark Twain amongst others. Some of this influence can be seen in his early watercolour paintings.

Education

Henry Tayali at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Tayali first started painting while at school in Bulawayo in the late 1950s. He attended secondary school in Bulawayo at Mpopoma High School and during this time produced the work Destiny.[15] The proceeds from the sale of his paintings were held in the Henry Tayali Painting Fund, administered by Trustees who included Eric Gargett and E. H. Ashton. The money in the Fund would be released when Henry was accepted at University.

In early 1967, before his Cambridge 'O' Level Certificate results came out, Tayali left Rhodesia (the Southern was dropped when Zambia gained independence in 1964) for Zambia, and applied for a bursary from the Zambian Government - expressing an interest in Architecture with Art. With help from his father (who went to school at Lubwa Mission in Chinsali in Northern Rhodesia with the likes of Kenneth Kaunda (President of Zambia 1964–1991), Simon Kapwepwe (Vice President 1967–1970), and Wesley Nyirenda and others, and who lobbied the Ministry of Education at Ridgeway in Lusaka on his behalf), he was awarded a Zambian Government scholarship to study at Uganda's Makerere University in Kampala, where he graduated[16] in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Shortly after Idi Amin seized power in Uganda, Tayali returned to Zambia and then started work at the University of Zambia where he joined the Institute of African Studies in Lusaka as a lecturer in African art and later as University Artist.[17] In 1972, Tayali got a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) scholarship to study for a Masters in Fine Arts at the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, West Germany, breaking new ground along the way - he was the first African artist south of the equator to be awarded an Arts scholarship by the DAAD.[18]

His professor, Gerd Weber, said of him, "Of all the foreign students who have worked in my class, Henry Tayali is by far the most talented of them all. His work constitutes a synthesis between the traditional African art, the tools and techniques of the modern era."[citation needed].

After graduating in 1975, and fluent in German (in addition to English, Bemba, Ndebele, and Ngoni), he returned to Lusaka to the Institute of African Studies.

In early 1978, Tayali returned to West Germany to embark on a Doctor of Fine Arts degree at the Akademie für Bildende Künste, but unfortunately, the arrangements did not work out and he returned to Zambia bitterly disappointed.

Marriage and Family

In 1971, he married Regina Mary Birungi Kivubiro while still in Uganda, and just before returning to Zambia and they had a son in 1972, Rhodrick Tayali. Regina died in 1976. Tayali had a daughter in 1980, Katwishi Alanda Tayali, followed in 1983 by a son, Chaswe Angio Tayali, with Rosemary Kaluwa, whom he later married. Tayali's son Rhodrick is an object and interior designer - Diploma-Designer (FH) - by training and a graduate of the Fachhochschule Aachen, and is also an accomplished artist in his own right.[19][20] He started painting when in his early twenties, and has been regularly holding exhibitions in Germany since the late nineties.[21] He is based in Cologne in Germany. Tayali's daughter, Katwishi, lives in Lusaka and has also taken up art.

Tayali died on 22 July 1987 while visiting his eldest son and family friends the Moiks / Moik-Becker in Aachen, West Germany, after attending his youngest brother's wedding in Southampton, England. He was buried at Leopards Hill Cemetery in Lusaka.

Career

File:Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972 (Photo of the Times of Zambia page).jpg
Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972

Tayali was very interested in art from birth. When the family was in Bulawayo, Tayali's natural talent was spotted early on by Alex Lambeth, who ran the African Affairs Department of Bulawayo City Council. Lambeth encouraged Tayali to pursue art as a career, and enrolled him on an artwork course. This led to Henry's first exhibition in Bulawayo at the age of fifteen.[3][22] His painting career took off after that, and using water colours, Tayali begun to produce varied, vibrant, dynamic works such as Sunset Road and Destiny.[23][24] He also produced sculptures - amongst them The Graduate[25] at the University of Zambia campus in Lusaka, as well as Screen-printing|silk-screens and woodcuts, a few of these were printed as greeting cards and sold through newsagents and book stores. Tayali held exhibitions in Lusaka, Bulawayo, Aachen, Düsseldorf, London (Commonwealth Institute, 1983), Alberta, and Toronto as well as in Zambia, where a few of his exhibitions were opened by Kenneth Kaunda, the first President of Zambia.[26] He was associated with artists, authors and politicians, including Simon and Cynthia Zukas,[27] Andrew Sardanis[28] (whose property at Chaminuka houses an impressive collection of Tayali's paintings and sculptures amongst others, and is well worth a visit) and American Professor Melvin Edwards[29] at home and abroad, many of them becoming lifelong friends. There were also joint exhibitions and support, such as that provided by the Alliance Francaise.[30]

Henry Tayali, with Lungu, Lusaka, 1976

His works still continue to be exhibited in Zambia and across the world.[31][32][33] Perhaps appropriately too at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe.[34] Numerous examples of Tayali's works are held in private collections across the globe /ref>.[35]

Tayali was also a keen photographer, having studied photography for his Masters, and always carried his trusted Leica SLR camera with him wherever he went. On his projects for the University, he produced a huge catalogue of photographs (often developing the prints himself, and having photographic slides made) of artefacts and people - something he worked hard for as a record for posterity.[36] Some of the photographs he took on his field trips around Zambia were turned into postcards.

Other work included efforts to establish a School of Fine Arts in Zambia and numerous field trips within Zambia to record and preserve the arts and cultures of the various tribes for posterity - including audio recordings. He was involved in organising the attendance - and was part - of the Zambian delegation at the groundbreaking Second African Festival of Arts and Culture in Lagos, Nigeria, 1977 (FESTAC'77).[37]

In addition to lecturing at the University of Zambia, Tayali also lectured at the Evelyn Hone College near the city centre in Lusaka.

He was also a restaurant/hotel critic - having travelled extensively all over the world as well as widely within Zambia in that role.

Works

Henry Tayali and his brother Bright Tayali and early metalwork sculptures, Roma, Lusaka, 1976

As a young man, Tayali had started his painting using water colours, producing works of great detail, vividness and vibrancy - his depiction of human figures similar in style to the Italian Renaissance painter Michelangelo (e.g. his watercolours held at the US National Archive: see External Links below) - before progressing to oil paintings. His paintings evolved from the fine art style of the late 1950s/1960s/early 1970s, to semi-abstract, through to abstract, and then edging to minimalism at the time of his death. His paintings were distinctive, blending African and Western styles, reflecting the influences on his life.

Tayali's paintings ranged in size from small scale to large wall murals – as in the German Embassy in Lusaka – and very large canvases of more than two metres in length by at least a metre and a half. Often, he would be working simultaneously on four or more paintings at a go, and different prints and sculptures at the same time – all the while with the backdrop of lecturing at the University, or undertaking research in different and remote parts of Zambia (mostly by road), or travelling internationally.

His woodcuts and silk-screens remained largely the same in composition throughout the latter half of his life, and he used them to pass frank comment on the lives of his subjects – the ordinary, common, people of Zambia (and Zimbabwe earlier),[38] particularly the beer gardens with their many characters, their many facets, their rich tapestry of social gatherings and social interactions (see Bier Garten below). Some critics have called some of his works 'crowded social realism'.[39] Equally, he would not leave out depicting his observations of the lone beggar in the street, or the market trader women,[40] or politicians in Africa. He was not averse to using his art to pass comment on any of them.[41]

From a young age, Tayali had always been interested in sculptures and modelling - and he went on to produce sculptures such as The Graduate seen here on the banner of the University of Zambia web-page, at the UNZA Great East Road campus. Funded by donations from the Zambia State Lottery, the Anglo-American Corporation and some individuals, it depicts a graduating student in his flowing gown and mortar board hat, the book in his left hand signifying progress through learning in the modern world, and the hoe in the right hand the hard work and progress through agriculture that has underpinned the country in general. He also produced a huge sculpture of a bird (work in concrete) at the Kapiri Mposhi railway station - the terminus end of the mid-seventies Chinese built Tazara (TAnzania ZAmbia RAilway) railway, whose other end is in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania's capital on the Indian Ocean coast. From about 1976, he started working with welded metal sculptures. Initially these were fairly simple as he was new to the medium and its techniques, but by the time of his death they had a majestic complexity to them - probably the most famous example is The Bull, which was mounted on the road to Lusaka International Airport.

His painting Destiny, produced while Tayali was still in school, has been described as "an attempt to express the profound thoughts of a serious young man, about the struggles of Mankind now and in the future" and has been exhibited around the world.,[15] see also [42] In 1991, it was purchased by the Lechwe Trust, a charity which supports visual artists in Zambia. Tayali had a close association with the Mpapa Gallery, where his works had often been exhibited.[17][43]

Speaking of his work in 1979, Tayali said, "My art is concerned with the suffering of the people and I want it to be the echo of that suffering. I see the problems of the continent... I am just recording what I and my people feel, but I do not attempt to provide answers to our problems ".[44]

Writing in 1980, the American academic Bob Barde placed Tayali's woodcut prints on a par with Europe's great printmakers such as Käthe Kollwitz and Théodore Géricault.[44] Tayali's woodcut subjects were usually about the common African man (and woman), and the feelings evoked by his daily travails, and the prevailing political landscape of the times. Barde described his prints as "powerful" and said that he "seems destined to play an important role in modern African art."

Throughout his life, Henry Tayali was indefatigable, driven to achieve his goals. A teetotaller, he espoused a dedicated work ethic, which he followed, often working - both as a student, and as an adult - very long hours each day in order to complete the tasks he had set himself. This was in spite of the fact that he was plagued by persistent stomach pains in his adult life after accidentally ingesting slivers of broken glass whilst drinking from a Coca-Cola bottle when he was a teenager.

On a personal side, with his trademark paint-splattered jeans and majestic walk, he also had a terrific sense of humour to counterbalance his serious approach to work,[45] and this sometimes broke out in - apart from the comments - exaggerated physical attributes on some of his subjects in a few of his works.[46] The art writer, Jean Kennedy said that Tayali's work, "makes strong statements, frequently leavened with humor, about personal and communal tragedies".[47]

Legacy

Tayali was one of the first Africans to work tirelessly to raise the profile of indigenous African art and crafts in Zambia, Africa, and the world through workshops, conferences, discussions, exhibitions, newspaper articles, magazines and television appearances.[48]

He played a very pivotal and influential role in cultural and artistic development in Zambia[3][49] and Africa.[50][51] He was president of the International Association of Artists in Zambia (which fell under UNESCO), and represented Zambia at various international symposia and conferences.[52] He also headed the Art Centre Foundation, the National Craft Council of Zambia, and the National Museums Board.

In reflection of his work and legacy, it has been suggested that his work Destiny is a historical piece of art, and not just an eye-catcher.[53]

In 1989, over seventy artists from around Zambia convened at Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Sciences, and formed the Zambia National Visual Arts Council (VAC) in his honour - as the national organisation for visual artists to be run by artists in Zambia. They named its headquarters at the Lusaka Showgrounds "The Henry Tayali Visual Art Centre".[3] The Visual Arts Council started its operations in 1991, but the Visual Arts Centre was officially opened later in 1995. It hosts art competitions, exhibitions, and seminars and it is one of the must-sees on the Zambian tourist circuit.[54][55][56] The Ngoma Awards,[57] sponsored by the National Arts Council of Zambia confers the "Henry Tayali Award" for Best Two-Dimensional Visual Artist.[58]

[59]

  • The Beggar, 1971, Woodcut, 1/3

    The Beggar, 1971, Woodcut, 1/3

  • Mother Afrika, 1974, Woodcut, 6/20

    Mother Afrika, 1974, Woodcut, 6/20

  • The Village, 1974, Silk screen, 9/30

    The Village, 1974, Silk screen, 9/30

  • Bier Garten, 1974, Woodcut, 2/6

    Bier Garten, 1974, Woodcut, 2/6

  • Abstract Painting, mid-eighties

    Abstract Painting, mid-eighties

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  2. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  4. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  5. ↑ Note 1: "Tayali" is a corruption of the Swahili word "tayari", meaning ready or prepared and was the name given to, and first used by, Tayali's grandfather Museba, a soldier or Askari commanding a platoon of African troops in the King's African Rifles of the 1st Nyasaland Battalion. These were a part of the British Empire's Army which fought in the East African Campaign in World War I against the German Army's troops (German and local) in the German East African Colony of Tanganyika (which became Tanzania). Because he was a fearless leader, and was always ready to do battle, his men christened him "Tayari", literally meaning "Ever Ready". He took this as his family name and on his return to Northern Rhodesia, Tayari evolved into Tayali. Thus he was known as Museba Tayali. Almost everyone with the surname Tayali is descended from him.
  6. ↑ Note 2: The other six siblings, in birth order, were: Bright Mwengwe Tayali (Goromonzi High School, Goromonzi District, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe; studied Veterinary Medicine, Kiev, Ukraine, Soviet Union); Wiseman Museba Katwishi Tayali (Mzilikazi High School, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; studied Mechanical Engineering - BSc, Beijing, China); Fayness Mumba Tayali (Mzilikazi High School, Bulawayo); Mabel Nkuswa Tayali (Kansenshi Secondary School, Ndola); Daniel Makalu Tayali; and member of Mensa International and patent holder Dr Nkole Enock Tayali (Kansenshi Secondary School, Ndola - Head Boy, Ndola City Jaycees Junior Mayor, and winner, national JETS (Junior Engineers Technicians and Scientists) competition); studied Mechanical Engineering and Energy Studies - BSc and PhD, Cardiff School of Engineering, University of Wales; and MBA, University of Warwick) who is also a published author, and writes under the name Adrian Ashe.
  7. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  8. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  9. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  10. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  11. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  12. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  13. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  14. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  16. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  18. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  19. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  20. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  21. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  22. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  23. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  24. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  25. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  26. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  27. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  28. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  29. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  30. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  31. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  32. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  33. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  34. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  35. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  36. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  37. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  38. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  39. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  40. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  41. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  42. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  43. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  44. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  45. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  46. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  47. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  48. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  49. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  50. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  51. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  52. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  53. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  54. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  55. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  56. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  57. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
  58. ↑ Lua error in ...ribunto/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mwInit.lua at line 23: bad argument #1 to 'old_ipairs' (table expected, got nil).

Further reading

  • Zukas, Cynthia (1993) (in English). "Henry Tayali: A Re-Assessment"
  • Fall, N'Gone and Pivin, Jean Loup (2002) (in English). "An Anthology of African Art"
  • Pitcher, Gemma; Andrew, David; Armstrong, Kate; Bainbridge, James; Bewer, Tim and Carillet, Jean-Bernard (2007) (in English). "Africa"

External links

Retrieved from "http://www.chalochatu.org/index.php?title=Henry_Tayali&oldid=7430"